Papers
Papers require Adobe Acrobat Reader.



Reduce Water Usage and Hazardous Wastes

Abstract
The U.S. EPA has tightened its control on discharge limits and waste production. Now, waste minimization has become not only a goal, but a mandate for many companies in the metal finishing industry. A case study, conducted at the Advance Plating Company of Cleveland, Ohio, exemplifies this growing concern. The company's goals were twofold: first to reduce water usage, and second to reduce or eliminate hazardous waste. Kinetico Incorporated was secured to study the problems. The study recommended integrating process changes and equipment design to meet the company's goals. Advance Plating Company is a large production rack plater. The experimental equipment was installed on an automated hoist, copper/nickel/chrome plating line. On this particular line, zinc die cast parts are pre-plated with two layers of copper, four layers of nickel and one layer of chromium. The equipment was introduced in two steps to insure that each piece of equipment achieved the specified goal.

 Reduce Water Usage and Hazardous Wastes

Advantages of Treated Make-up Water for Metal Finishing Applications

Abstract
This article offers a general overview describing the advantages of using softened and deionized water throughout a metal finishing operation. It states that the benefits achieved from using a properly designed deionization system are impressive and economically justified.

 Advantages of Treated Make-up Water for Metal Finishing Applications

Before Recycling Greenhouse Water

Abstract
Water recycling has become a popular trend in the growers industry.  The techniques have been pursued to improve the economics of operation.  Benefits include higher yields, lower production costs, quicker growing cycles and reduced pest and disease control costs.

Proactive implementation of conservation and recycling programs has helped minimize regulations facing the growers industry.   Further implementation of these technologies will help prolong federally-mandated regulations.  However, it is likely that the future will require many growers to explore techniques to reduce discharge and waste volumes.

 Before Recycling Greenhouse Water

Greenhouse Water Treatment Issues

Abstract
From a grower’s perspective, recycling techniques are used to improve the economics of operation.  Benefits include higher yields, lower production costs, quicker growing cycles and reduced pest and disease control costs.  With these recycling methods, special attention is given to maintaining the nutrient solution.  This is feed water that has been mixed with special additives to optimize plant growth. Proper nutrient solution management is the key to the economic return for recycling systems. Without adequate control of this solution, the entire process can prove to be disastrous.

 Greenhouse Water Treatment Issues

Laundry Operations “Clean Up” With Soft Water

Abstract
Whether you're operating a nursing home, a restaurant or other commercial establishment, equipment costs represent a sizable part of overall expenses. In the case of nursing home laundry operations, equipment purchases and maintenance, as well as the cost of the chemicals used, can have a tremendous impact on overall profitability. One of the key factors affecting these costs is the quality of the water being supplied to the nursing home.

 Laundry Operations “Clean Up” With Soft Water

Reaching Waste Minimization Goals Through Innovative Uses of Softened Water

Abstract
Due to the tremendous amount of attention that sludge reduction is receiving in the metal finishing industry today, all kinds and varieties of new technologies are being evaluated for this purpose. One method that is highly beneficial, but often overlooked, is the use of soft water. Utilizing soft water is significant because many platers are already using softened water for boiler feedwater. Simply running some piping from the boiler to the plating lines can result in outstanding benefits from scale and sludge reduction. 
This paper explores the subject of waste reduction from a theoretical perspective and through the study of three case histories. In order to fully understand the significance of how soft water can lead to waste reduction, soft water must be explained in terms of the technical basis of why it reduces sludge volumes.

 Reaching Waste Minimization Goals Through Innovative Uses of Softened Water